Page five of five · Samarth Rāmdās · 17th century · Marāṭhī

भीमरूपी

bhīmarūpī — the mārutistotra
“o you of the terror-form” — bhīma, that which makes one afraid

A hymn that protects the frightened by describing, very precisely, the most frightening thing it can.

Samarth Rāmdās wrote this for a Maharashtra that was genuinely unsafe, and his answer to fear was not comfort. It was a portrait: jaws holding universes, flames walking out of eyes, a tail that coils around the cosmos — and then, in the last verses, the claim that seeing this form is what dissolves fear, ghosts and fault alike. Recited at dusk in Māruti temples across Maharashtra ever since.

17
verses as printed
15
the count it gives itself · §08
~3
minutes at temple pace
1
signature, in verse 17
↓  SCROLL. DIAGRAMS DRAW THEMSELVES.
01 What kind of text this is

A portrait so large it leaves no room for the fear

The Chālīsā praises Hanumān and asks for a better mind. The Bajrang Bāṇ puts him under oath and demands rescue. This text — the first Marāṭhī one on this site — does neither. For thirteen verses it asks for nothing at all. It simply describes, and the description escalates: from a heap of names, to a body seen terrifyingly close up, to a being who outruns his own mind and grows from an atom to the size of everything.

The logic is in the first word. भीम is not “strong”; it is from the root bhī, to fear — the form that frightens. Rāmdās addresses the terror directly, looks at it until every detail is in focus, and then states the payoff twice at the end: ghosts, diseases and anxieties perish भीमदर्शनेंby the sight of the terrifying one. What you have looked at squarely cannot haunt you. The fear in the room is out-scaled by a bigger fear that happens to be on your side.

It is also the most kinetic of the five texts. The Sanskrit pages hold still; the Awadhī pages walk. This one leaps — the vocabulary is uprooting, hurling, swooping, growing — and the metre gallops to match. §05.

What this page does
§04  All seventeen verses, word by word. Tap any Devanāgarī word.
§05–06  The metre that gallops; the grammar trick — four verses that are almost nothing but names in the vocative.
§07  Fear used against fear — the psychology the text states outright.
§08  Seventeen verses that call themselves fifteen — the text’s own arithmetic, taken seriously.
§09–10  Where it lives — dusk, bells, wrestling grounds — and what is measured versus what is tradition.
§11–12  How it works, and how to practise with it.
02 Why it was written

Like Tulsīdās on page 04, Rāmdās (1608–1681) is an author we can actually name, and he signs the last verse: रामदासीं अग्रगण्यू — a phrase that means foremost among the servants of Rāma and contains the poet’s own name, both at once. The pun is the signature. The stotra is transmitted within the Rāmdāsī sampradāya alongside his Dāsbodh and Manāche Ślok, and the attribution is as secure as these things get — though, as everywhere on this site, “traditionally his” is the honest phrasing for a text that lived in recitation long before critical editions.

The context matters more here than for any of the other four. Rāmdās’s Maharashtra was a landscape of raids, levies and real physical insecurity, and his response was unusual for a renunciate: he preached strength. Tradition credits him with establishing Māruti temples across the Kṛṣṇā valley — eleven of them are counted and visited to this day — and with attaching gymnasiums to devotion, the god of strength and the practice of strength in one courtyard. Treat the number eleven as tradition rather than settled history; the pattern itself, Hanumān-as-programme, is plainly real and this text is its anthem.

Popular memory also makes Rāmdās the guru of Śivājī. The relationship is attested in the tradition’s own literature and debated by historians in its details and dates; nothing on this page depends on it. What the stotra itself tells you is simpler: someone wanted ordinary frightened people to have, in their own Marāṭhī, three minutes of borrowed fearlessness that they could say at dusk.

Author
Samarth Rāmdās, signed by pun in verse 17 — the second of the five texts with a nameable poet
Language
Marāṭhī — the third language of this set, chosen for the same reason Tulsīdās chose Awadhī: so that everyone could say it
Access
Open to everyone. Sung communally at evening āratī; children learn it as sound years before they parse a word of it
03 The arc of the seventeen

The movement is a camera move. It starts with names shouted from a distance, walks up to the body until the teeth fill the frame, then pulls back and back until the body is the size of the universe — and only then, with the viewer thoroughly out-scaled, turns around and says: this is what stands between you and what you were afraid of.

1–4 THE ROLL-CALL Twenty-odd names in four verses, nearly all vocatives — terror-form, great Rudra, forest-foe, storm-breaker, lord of the lowly. One finite verb hides in the pile. You are not told about him; you are made to call him. §06.
5–8 THE CLOSE-UP The arm goes up like a flagstaff and the fires of Time themselves tremble. Rows of teeth, flames walking out of the eyes, brows drawn taut — and then, deadpan, the fine earrings, the gold waistcloth, the little bells. Terror in full jewellery.
9–13 MOTION AND SCALE The herb-mountain uprooted in fury; there and back faster than the mind, which is left behind; from an atom to the size of the universe, with Meru and Mandara demoted to “little”; the tail coiled around the cosmos; the sun swallowed. Every comparison is tried and reported missing.
14–15 THE PROMISE The phalaśruti: wealth, cattle, children, learning by recitation — and then the darker, more interesting list: ghosts, revenants, diseases and anxieties perish at the sight of the terrifying one. The portrait was the protection.
16 THE SELF-COUNT The poem counts itself — this fifteen-śloka hymn, numbered like the digits of the moon — and promises a firm body and a mind without doubt. Why fifteen, in a text your copy prints as seventeen? §08.
17 THE SIGNATURE Foremost of Rāma’s servants — and of Rāmdās’s name — ornament of the monkey clan, the inner self in Rāma’s form. The last word of the argument: seeing him, faults perish. Not fears this time. Faults.
04 The complete text · tap any word
Layers
Marāṭhī, 17th-century — old enough that some forms (नेणों, जातसे, कैंची) differ from the modern language. Glosses are at word level. Roots reach back to Sanskrit where they visibly do; where a word is contested among commentators, the gloss says so.
1 · the address — nine names, no verb
भीमरूपी महारुद्रा वज्र हनुमान मारुती
वनारी अंजनीसूता रामदूता प्रभंजना
bhīmarūpī mahārudrā vajra hanumāna mārutī |
vanārī añjanīsūtā rāmadūtā prabhañjanā ||
bheemaroopee mahaarudraa vajra hanumaan maarutee |
vanaaree anjaneesootaa raamadootaa prabhanjanaa ||
O terror-formed, great Rudra, thunderbolt Hanumān, Mārutī; foe of the forest, son of Añjanī, envoy of Rāma, storm-breaker.
Nine names and not one verb. The first word names the fear and the rest of the verse surrounds it with family: the terrifying form belongs to Añjanī’s son, Rāma’s messenger. And mārutī — the plain, affectionate Marathi name, the one on temple signboards — sits right in the middle of the thunder. The whole text’s method is in that arrangement.
2 · the one verb in the roll-call
महाबळी प्राणदाता सकळां उठवी बळेंसौख्यकारी दुःखहारी दूत वैष्णव गायका
mahābaḷī prāṇadātā sakaḷāṁ uṭhavī baḷeṁ |
saukhyakārī duḥkhahārī dūta vaiṣṇava gāyakā ||
mahaabalee praanadaataa sakalaan uthavee balen |
saukhyakaaree duhkhahaaree doot vaishnav gaayakaa ||
Great in strength, giver of life-breath — by strength he raises them all up. Maker of comfort, remover of pain, envoy, singer among Viṣṇu’s devotees.
One finite verb in the first four verses, and this is it: uṭhavī — he makes them stand up. Not “saves”, not “carries”. In a poem written for a demoralised country, the single action attributed to the god in the entire opening is getting people back on their feet. Prāṇadātā is the sañjīvanī story (Chālīsā verse 11) compressed to a single word — this text assumes you know the epic and spends no time retelling it.
3–4 · vermilion, and every kind of lord
दीननाथा हरीरूपा सुंदरा जगदंतरा
पाताळदेवताहंता भव्यसिंदूरलेपना
लोकनाथा जगन्नाथा प्राणनाथा पुरातना
पुण्यवंता पुण्यशीला पावना परितोषका
dīnanāthā harīrūpā sundarā jagadantarā |
pātāḷadevatāhantā bhavyasindūralepanā ||
lokanāthā jagannāthā prāṇanāthā purātanā |
puṇyavantā puṇyaśīlā pāvanā paritoṣakā ||
deenanaathaa hareeroopaa sundaraa jagadantaraa |
paataaladevataahantaa bhavyasindooralepanaa ||
lokanaathaa jagannaathaa praananaathaa puraatanaa |
punyavantaa punyasheelaa paavanaa paritoshakaa ||
Lord of the lowly, form of Hari, beautiful one, indweller of the world; slayer of the netherworld deities, gloriously smeared with vermilion. Lord of people, lord of the world, lord of breath, ancient one; merit-filled, merit-natured, purifier, giver of contentment.
Two things hide in the heap. Sundarā — the terror-form is called beautiful, without apology, three verses in. And prāṇanāthā: the Wind’s son addressed as lord of the breath, which for the person reciting means the breath currently carrying the verse. The vermilion line is the most concrete in the poem — every orange-coated Mārutī idol in every village square is this word, sindūralepanā, made of stone.
5–6 · the close-up begins — even Time’s fire flinches
ध्वजांगें उचली बाहो आवेशें लोटला पुढें
काळाग्नि काळरुद्राग्नि देखतां कांपती भयें
ब्रह्मांडें माइलीं नेणों आंवाळे दंतपंगती
नेत्राग्नी चालिल्या ज्वाळा भ्रुकुटी ताठिल्या बळें
dhvajāṁgeṁ ucalī bāho āveśeṁ loṭalā puḍheṁ |
kāḷāgni kāḷarudrāgni dekhatāṁ kāṁpatī bhayeṁ ||
brahmāṁḍeṁ māilīṁ neṇoṁ āṁvāḷe dantapaṁgatī |
netrāgnī cālilyā jvāḷā bhrukuṭī tāṭhilyā baḷeṁ ||
dhvajaangen uchalee baaho aaveshen lotalaa pudhen |
kaalaagni kaalarudraagni dekhataan kaampatee bhayen ||
brahmaanden maaileen nenon aanvaale dantapangatee |
netraagnee chaalilyaa jvaalaa bhrukutee taathilyaa balen ||
The arm lifts like a flagstaff; in a rush of fury he has surged forward. The fire of Time, the fire of Rudra-as-Time — seeing him, they tremble with fear. Who knows how many universes are held at the knots of his jaws, in the rows of his teeth; flames have walked out of his eyes, the brows are drawn taut with force.
Here is the poem’s central transaction, stated in the grammar itself: bhayeṁ, “with fear”, from the same root as the title — but it is the apocalypse-fires doing the fearing. The thing that ends worlds is afraid of him. And then the camera goes where no comforting hymn would go: into the mouth. Universes lost among the teeth, flames walkingcālilyā, the ordinary verb for a person strolling — out of the eyes. The terror is rendered calmly, which makes it worse, and then makes it useful.
7–8 · terror in full jewellery
पुच्छ तें मुरडिलें माथां किरीटी कुंडलें बरीं
सुवर्ण कटि कांसोटी घंटा किंकिणि नागरा
ठकारे पर्वता ऐसा नेटका सडपातळू
चपळांग पाहतां मोठें महाविद्युल्लतेपरी
puccha teṁ muraḍileṁ māthāṁ kirīṭī kuṁḍaleṁ barīṁ |
suvarṇa kaṭi kāṁsoṭī ghaṁṭā kiṁkiṇi nāgarā ||
ṭhakāre parvatā aisā neṭakā saḍapātaḷū |
capaḷāṁga pāhatāṁ moṭheṁ mahāvidyullateparī ||
puchchha ten muradilen maathaan kireetee kundalen bareen |
suvarna kati kaansotee ghantaa kinkini naagaraa ||
thakaare parvataa aisaa netakaa sadapaataloo |
chapalaanga paahataan mothen mahaavidyullateparee ||
The tail is curled up over the head as a crown; the earrings are fine. A gold loincloth tucked at the waist, bells and small tinkling bells, all elegant. He looms like a mountain, yet trim and slender; nimble-limbed — to look at, vast, like a great creeper of lightning.
Straight from the teeth to the jewellery, and the poem does not blink. The tail — the weapon that burned Laṅkā — is worn curled as a crown; the loincloth is a wrestler’s kāsoṭā, the tuck of the akhāḍā, in gold. Then the paradox verse 8 insists on: mountain-like and slender, vast and nimble, and the image that resolves it — lightning as a latā, a vine. Something enormous that moves like a whip. Rāmdās the physical-culture reformer is visible here: this is a body admired the way a trainer admires one.
9–10 · the mountain, and the mind left behind
कोटिच्या कोटि उड्डाणें झेंपावे उत्तरेकडे
मंदाद्रीसारखा द्रोणू क्रोधें उत्पाटिला बळें
आणिला मागुतीं नेला आला गेला मनोगती
मनासी टाकिलें मागें गतीसी तूळणा नसे
koṭicyā koṭi uḍḍāṇeṁ jheṁpāve uttarekaḍe |
maṁdādrīsārakhā droṇū krodheṁ utpāṭilā baḷeṁ ||
āṇilā māgutīṁ nelā ālā gelā manogatī |
manāsī ṭākileṁ māgeṁ gatīsī tūḷaṇā nase ||
koticyaa koti uddaanen jhempaave uttarekade |
mandaadreesaarakhaa dronoo krodhen utpaatilaa balen ||
aanilaa maaguteen nelaa aalaa gelaa manogatee |
manaasee taakilen maagen gateesee toolanaa nase ||
With leaps of crores upon crores he swoops northward; Droṇa, big as Mandara, was uprooted in fury, by strength. Brought, carried back again — he came, he went, at the speed of mind; the mind itself was left behind. For that speed there is no comparison.
Verse 10 is four perfective verbs rattled off like a ledger — brought, took back, came, went — and then the one genuinely philosophical image in the poem: he moves at the speed of mind and overtakes it. Manāsī ṭākileṁ māgeṁ — the mind was left behind. For a tradition in which the restless mind is the whole problem, a god faster than the mind is not a physics claim. It is the claim that help can arrive before the thought that needed it finishes forming.
11–12 · from an atom to everything, twice unmatched
अणूपासोनि ब्रह्मांडाएवढा होत जातसे
तयासी तुळणा कोठें मेरु-मांदार धाकुटे
ब्रह्मांडाभोंवते वेढे वज्रपुच्छें करूं शके
तयासी तुळणा कैंची ब्रह्मांडीं पाहतां नसे
aṇūpāsoni brahmāṁḍāevaḍhā hota jātase |
tayāsī tuḷaṇā koṭheṁ meru-māṁdāra dhākuṭe ||
brahmāṁḍābhoṁvate veḍhe vajrapuccheṁ karūṁ śake |
tayāsī tuḷaṇā kaiṁcī brahmāṁḍīṁ pāhatāṁ nase ||
anoopaasoni brahmaandaaevadhaa hota jaatase |
tayaasee tulanaa kothen meru-maandaara dhaakute ||
brahmaandaabhonvate vedhe vajrapuchchhen karoon shake |
tayaasee tulanaa kainchee brahmaandeen paahataan nase ||
From an atom he keeps becoming as big as the universe — where is his comparison? Meru and Mandara are little. With his thunderbolt tail he can throw coils around the universe itself; what comparison could there be? Search the universe — there is none.
The Chālīsā made the same point with the sun-and-ring joke; Rāmdās makes it with a word: dhākuṭe — the world-axis and the ocean-churning mountain are the little ones, the word a Marathi family uses for the youngest child. Note what is quietly happening to the instrument of comparison itself: tuḷaṇā, from the root tul, to weigh. Three times the poet reaches for the scale, and three times reports that the scale is missing. Praise by failed measurement — stated as failed measurement, which is why this site can get along with it.
13 · the sun again, and past it
आरक्त देखिलें डोळां ग्रासिलें सूर्यमंडळा
वाढतां वाढतां वाढे भेदिलें शून्यमंडळा
ārakta dekhileṁ ḍoḷāṁ grāsileṁ sūryamaṁḍaḷā |
vāḍhatāṁ vāḍhatāṁ vāḍhe bhedileṁ śūnyamaṁḍaḷā ||
aarakta dekhilen dolaan graasilen sooryamandalaa |
vaadhataan vaadhataan vaadhe bhedilen shoonyamandalaa ||
Crimson it appeared to his eye — and the sun’s disc was swallowed. Growing, growing, he grows; the sphere of the void itself was pierced.
The same infant-swallows-the-sun story as Chālīsā verse 18 — see §08 of that page for the distance arithmetic people hang on it — but Rāmdās’s telling has a different destination. His Hanumān does not stop at the sun. Vāḍhatāṁ vāḍhatāṁ vāḍhe — the line grows by repeating its own verb — and what gets pierced is the śūnyamaṇḍaḷa, the sphere of emptiness beyond everything. In the sant vocabulary Rāmdās inherited, that word also names the still region past the mind in meditation. The child reaching for a fruit punches through the ceiling of the cosmos, and possibly of contemplation too. No measurement is being claimed; the verse is doing to scale what verse 10 did to speed.
14–15 · the phalaśruti — and what the sight itself does
धनधान्य पशुवृद्धि पुत्रपौत्र समग्रही
पावती रूपविद्यादि स्तोत्रपाठें करूनियां
भूतप्रेतसमंधादि रोगव्याधि समस्तही
नासती तुटती चिंता आनंदे भीमदर्शनें
dhanadhānya paśuvṛddhi putrapautra samagrahī |
pāvatī rūpavidyādi stotrapāṭheṁ karūniyāṁ ||
bhūtapretasamaṁdhādi rogavyādhi samastahī |
nāsatī tuṭatī ciṁtā ānande bhīmadarśaneṁ ||
dhanadhaanya pashuvruddhi putrapautra samagrahee |
paavatee roopavidyaadi stotrapaathen karooniyaan ||
bhootapretasamandhaadi rogavyaadhi samastahee |
naasatee tutatee chintaa aanande bheemadarshanen ||
Wealth and grain, increase of cattle, sons and grandsons, all of it — and beauty, learning and the rest — people obtain by reciting this stotra. Ghosts, revenants, haunting spirits and their kind, diseases and ailments, every one: they perish, anxieties snap, in joy, at the sight of the terrifying one.
Two mechanisms, carefully distinguished. The comfortable list — grain, cattle, grandchildren — comes stotrapāṭheṁ, by recitation, the ordinary contract of a phalaśruti. But the dark list — ghosts, disease, worry — is dispelled bhīmadarśaneṁ, by the seeing of the fearsome form. Not by the sound; by the image the thirteen preceding verses just built in you. And the verb for anxiety is exact: tuṭatī, worries snap, like a rope under load. The poem states its own theory of operation, and §07 takes it at its word. One honest caveat: many readers hold these two benefit-verses to be a later phalaśruti addition rather than Rāmdās’s own — the grain-cattle-and-grandsons register is uncharacteristic of a poem otherwise indifferent to worldly gain, and of a poet who was not. They stand in nearly every recited and printed copy, so this is a text-critical view, not a verdict; strip them, though, and the hymn proper is the thirteen descriptive verses.
16 · the poem counts itself — see §08
हे धरा पंधराश्लोकी लाभली शोभली बरी
दृढदेहो निःसंदेहो संख्या चंद्रकळा गुणें
he dharā paṁdharāślokī lābhalī śobhalī barī |
dṛḍhadeho niḥsaṁdeho saṁkhyā caṁdrakaḷā guṇeṁ ||
he dharaa pandharaashlokee laabhalee shobhalee baree |
drudhadeho nihsandeho sankhyaa chandrakalaa gunen ||
Hold this fifteen-śloka hymn — well gained, well shining; the body firm, the mind free of doubt, its number measured by the digits of the moon.
The pair of promises is a small manifesto: dṛḍhadeho niḥsaṁdeho — a firm body and a mind without doubt, rhymed against each other because for Rāmdās they were the same programme. And then the count: fifteen ślokas, like the fifteen digits of the waxing moon. Your copy almost certainly numbers seventeen. Both are right, and the discrepancy is more informative than either number — §08.
17 + colophon · the signature
रामदासीं अग्रगण्यू कपिकुळासि मंडणू
रामरूपी अंतरात्मा दर्शनें दोष नासती
॥ इति श्रीरामदासकृतं संकटनिरसनं नाम श्रीमारुतिस्तोत्रम् संपूर्णम् ॥
rāmadāsīṁ agragaṇyū kapikuḷāsi maṁḍaṇū |
rāmarūpī aṁtarātmā darśaneṁ doṣa nāsatī ||
|| iti śrī-rāmadāsakṛtaṁ saṁkaṭanirasanaṁ nāma śrī-mārutistotram sampūrṇam ||
raamadaaseen agraganyoo kapikulaasi mandanoo |
raamaroopee antaraatmaa darshanen dosha naasatee ||
|| iti shree-raamadaasakrutam sankatanirasanam naama shree-maarutistotram sampoornam ||
Foremost among the servants of Rāma, ornament of the monkey clan; the inner self in Rāma’s form — by his sight, faults perish. Thus the Māruti-stotra called the Dispeller of Crisis, made by Śrī Rāmdās, is complete.
The signature works like Tulsīdās’s in Chālīsā verse 40, but folded tighter: rāmadāsīṁ agragaṇyū describes Hanumān — first among Rāma’s servants — while containing the author’s name, so that the poet signs the poem by disappearing into his subject’s job description. Then the last clause quietly upgrades the whole transaction. Verse 15 said fears perish at the sight; verse 17 says doṣa — faults, one’s own — do. The terror-form was never aimed at your enemies. And the colophon’s own name for the text, saṅkaṭa-nirasana, is the same word page 03 carries for Gaṇeśa: two languages, two gods, one job — the tight place, opened.
05 The gallop · a Sanskrit metre in Marathi shoes

Eight syllables to the quarter — when you say it, not when you spell it

Traditional editions call the metre anuṣṭubh — the Sanskrit śloka of page 03, eight syllables to the quarter, four quarters to the verse. Count the printed Devanāgarī, though, and several quarters come out a syllable heavy. The reconciliation is not a fudge; it is Marathi itself. Spoken Marathi deletes most unstressed final a-vowels — हनुमान is said hanumān, three syllables, not hanumāna, four — and recited aloud, the quarters fall back to eight. The metre lives in the mouth, not on the page, and this page says so rather than pretending the spelling scans.

What the borrowed śloka does not keep is the śloka’s temperament. Page 03 in anuṣṭubh is even, administrative, a list keeping step. Rāmdās drives the same frame hard — heavy alliteration, doubled verbs, whole quarters that are one long compound — and the communal recitation style takes it at a near-shout with a strong even pulse. The traditional comparison for this stotra’s momentum is a gallop, and for once the traditional comparison is just a description.

Verse 1, first line, counted as spoken — each box one syllable
भी1
2
रू3
पी4
5
हा6
रु7
द्रा8
= 8
1
ज्र2
3
नु4
मान्5
मा6
रु7
ती8
= 8, as spoken — written हनुमान would count 9
8 syllables × 4 quarters = 32 per verse
× 17 verses ≈ 544 syllables
at temple pace ≈ 3 minutes
Syllables, not beats
The Awadhī pages (02, 04) count mātrās — durations. This text, like the Sanskrit of page 03, counts syllables. Different engine, same destination: a frame the memory can trust.
The tolling word
baḷeṁ — “by strength” — closes a quarter in verses 2, 5, 6 and 9, always in the same instrumental form, always at the same metrical position. One word rung like a bell, four times, in a poem about strength.
Doubling as engine
koṭicyā koṭi, vāḍhatāṁ vāḍhatāṁ vāḍhe, puṇyavantā puṇyaśīlā. Where Tulsīdās uses rhyme to pull the next line up, Rāmdās uses repetition to shove the current one forward.
The consequence
Said at full communal tempo, seventeen verses take about three minutes and leave the room slightly out of breath. That is not an accident. A text about fearlessness that physically raises your pulse has already delivered a first instalment.
06 Hidden structure · a poem that is mostly the vocative case

Run a grammatical census on verses 1–4 and the result is lopsided in a way none of the other four texts is: some twenty vocatives and a single finite verb (uṭhavī, “he raises up”, verse 2). The opening of this poem is not, grammatically, a description at all. It is address — the case you use when the person is in front of you.

That is a deliberate piece of stagecraft. Sentences about someone put them at a distance; calling someone puts them in the room. By the time the finite verbs arrive in verse 5 and the terrifying description begins, the reciter has spent four verses summoning — and the description that follows lands as something looked at, not something reported. The phalaśruti’s claim that the sight is what protects (verse 15) has been prepared by the grammar from the first word.

There is also a quiet doctrinal choice in the pile: harīrūpā (verse 3) and rāmarūpī antarātmā (verse 17) frame the servant as a form of the lord and as the self within — as close as this fierce, practical text comes to the identity-talk of the Atharvaśīrṣa. Rāmdās does not argue the point. He files it under the names and moves on.

The roll-call, sorted
FEARbhīmarūpī · mahārudrā · prabhañjanā — the terror, the howler, the gale
FAMILYañjanīsūtā · mārutī — the mother’s son, the everyday name
SERVICErāmadūtā · dūta · gāyakā — envoy twice, and a singer
LORDSHIPdīnanāthā · lokanāthā · jagannāthā · prāṇanāthā — of the lowly, of people, of the world, of breath
IDENTITYharīrūpā · jagadantarā · rāmarūpī antarātmā — the form of Hari, within the world, the inner self
Fear is the smallest pile, and it is placed first so that everything after it is heard as its answer.
07 भीम · fear used against fear

The word भीम has a career in this tradition. In Chālīsā verse 10 it is one of the forms Hanumān takes onbhīma rūpa dhari — for the specific job of destroying demons, and then puts down. Rāmdās promotes it to the title. His whole hymn stands inside the moment the Chālīsā passes through in half a line.

Why park there? Because of who is speaking. The reciter of verse 15 is someone whose nights contain bhūta, preta, samandha — the whole Marathi taxonomy of the haunting dead — plus disease and cintā, ordinary gnawing worry. Rāmdās’s prescription is homoeopathic: against fear, a bigger fear that is on your side. The apocalypse-fires tremble at him (verse 5), so the things that make you tremble are two ranks further down a hierarchy he tops. You are not told your fears are unreal. You are shown where they stand in the food chain.

And the mechanism is stated with unusual candour: darśana, seeing. Not recitation-count, not oath, not initiation — the poem claims that holding this image steadily in view is itself the protection. Thirteen verses of methodical visual construction, then the claim that the construction was the point. Among the five texts it is the most explicit about its own psychology, and §11 takes the invitation.

The same word, three texts
CHĀLĪSĀ 10
भीम रूप धरि — a form assumed for a task, listed between the tiny form and the huge one. Fear as a tool among tools.
BAJRANG BĀṆ
The fierceness is pointed outward at named obstacles, under oath, in imperatives. Fear as a weapon, loosed.
BHĪMARŪPĪ
The fierceness is pointed at no one. It is simply seen, in exhaustive detail, until the seer stops being afraid — and, by verse 17, stops being at fault. Fear as a place to stand.
08 Counted properly · seventeen verses that call themselves fifteen

Verse 16 says, in plain Marathi arithmetic: this fifteen-śloka hymn... its number by the digits of the moon. The moon’s waxing fortnight has fifteen kalās; the count is not decoration, it is a stated design intention, the same move as the Chālīsā’s forty and page 03’s twelve-names-plus-index. And yet standard printed editions — and this page — number seventeen verses. Both facts are real, so they are both stated here, which is this site’s entire editorial policy in miniature.

The reconciliation is visible in the text’s own seams. Verses 1–13 are the hymn proper: address, portrait, deeds, scale. Verses 14–15 are the phalaśruti, the results-clause that recitation traditions append to nearly everything — and which many judge a later addition, not Rāmdās’s original (the wealth-and-progeny register gives it away). That makes fifteen — the unit verse 16 is counting when it counts. Verse 16 itself (the self-count) and verse 17 (the signature) stand outside the tally they describe, the way a book’s colophon is not one of its chapters. Some manuscript lines and recitation traditions divide the verses differently, which is why you will also meet copies claiming other totals; if your family’s pothi disagrees with this page’s numbering, the pothi wins.

1–13
the hymn — portrait and deeds
14–15
phalaśruti — the results-clause
16–17
self-count + signature — outside the tally
15 counted verses + 2 standing outside = the 17 your copy prints. The “discrepancy” is the text being honest about which of its parts are hymn and which are packaging — a distinction most stotras leave the reader to guess.
09 Where it lives · dusk, bells, and the wrestling ground

The stotra’s natural habitat is specific: a Mārutī temple at dusk, the hour Marathi tradition assigns both to the god and to the fears he handles. It is sung standing, communally, usually straight after or alongside the evening āratī, and it is one of the first “big” texts Marathi children absorb — as sound and momentum first, meaning a decade later, the same sequence the Chālīsā page describes for Awadhī households.

Its other habitat is the vyāyāmaśāḷā — the traditional gymnasium. The Hanumān-and-wrestling connection is pan-Indian, but in Maharashtra it carries Rāmdās’s particular stamp: strength of body as a devotional obligation, not an athletic hobby. Verse 16’s dṛḍhadeho niḥsaṁdeho — firm body, doubt-free mind — is recited in rooms that smell of earth and oil, before exercise, as a statement of curriculum. The gold kāsoṭā of verse 7 is the uniform of the room.

When
Dusk, and Saturdays — Hanumān’s day in the Marathi week. Also before wrestling and exercise, as invocation.
Where
Mārutī temples — tradition counts eleven founded by Rāmdās himself along the Kṛṣṇā valley, still visited as a set — and any room with his picture and children to teach.
How
Standing, loud, together, fast — the opposite register from the Atharvaśīrṣa’s measured chant. No initiation, no restriction, no occasion required.
10 What is measured, what is tradition, what is neither
Measured — on other texts

No physiological or psychological study of the Bhīmarūpī stotra specifically appears to exist. That sentence is doing real work: this page will not borrow findings and re-badge them.

What exists nearby: slow mantra recitation has measurable effects on breathing and cardiovascular rhythm (Bernardi 2001, n=23 — measured on the rosary and a yoga mantra, not on this text, and this stotra is recited fast, which that study says nothing about). Extensive recitation training correlates with structural brain differences in one cross-sectional study of Vedic reciters (Hartzell 2016, n=21+21 — different texts, different method, no causal claim possible).

Tradition — stated as such

That recitation brings the goods of verse 14 and dispels the terrors of verse 15; that the darśana of the fierce form protects; that Rāmdās composed it and established the eleven Mārutīs. These are the tradition’s claims, made inside the tradition’s frame, and the text itself is the primary source for the first two.

Within that frame they are coherent and specific — more specific than most stotras manage. Outside that frame they are untested, which is different from false.

Plausible mechanism — not a finding

The text’s own theory — deliberately holding a vivid, allied, larger-than-the-threat image dissolves fear — rhymes with things psychology does study: imagery rehearsal for nightmares, the general finding that approach beats avoidance with feared material. A rhyme is not a citation.

Nobody has run the trial. If someone does, this page will report what it finds, including a null.

11 How it works · the machine, opened
1 SUMMON, DON’T DESCRIBE Four verses of pure vocative put the addressee in the room before a single fact is stated about him. Grammar as stage direction. §06.
2 BUILD THE IMAGE IN ORDER Arm, jaws, teeth, eyes, brows, tail, waist, silhouette — the portrait is assembled the way a visualisation manual would sequence it, one locus at a time, before any motion is allowed.
3 BREAK EVERY RULER Faster than mind, bigger than the universe, three failed weighings (tuḷaṇā nase). Scale-vertigo loosens the grip of the merely large problems the reciter walked in with.
4 NAME THE PAYOFF HONESTLY The phalaśruti splits its own mechanism: goods by recitation, protection by sight. The text tells you which part is contract and which part is psychology. §07.
5 END ON THE RECITER Verse 17 swaps fears perish for faults perish. The last thing the fierce form is turned on is the person praying — gently, and only after they have stopped being afraid. That ordering is the whole pastoral intelligence of the text.
12 If you want to learn it · practice

Seventeen verses is a fortnight’s work at a verse a day — which, given verse 16’s moon-count, may even be the intended syllabus. Use ॥ RECITE above for a bare large-type text, and ▶ FOLLOW ALONG to step through the blocks at your own tempo. If a word’s meaning has escaped you for twenty years, tap it.

Learn it as sound first, at speed, the way the temples teach it — the gallop is the mnemonic. The meaning-pass can come afterwards, one verse at a time, and this page will still be here. If you already know it by heart, try the opposite: one recitation at a quarter of your usual speed, actually watching the image the verses build. That is the practice verse 15 describes, and almost no one who knows the text has ever done it.

Follow along with a recording

Paste any YouTube recitation you like — a temple recording, a family favourite — and it will embed here for practising against. Stored only in your browser.

13 Sources & provenance
Text

Marāṭhī text as commonly printed in standard devotional editions and Rāmdāsī-sampradāya collections: seventeen verses plus the colophon naming it Saṅkaṭanirasana Mārutistotra. Attribution to Samarth Rāmdās is the tradition’s, carried by the signature-pun in verse 17 and the colophon, and is treated here as traditional attribution — secure by the standards of the genre, not established by a critical edition.

Variants circulate, as with any text that lived by mouth: दूत / धूर्त in verse 2 (envoy, or “the cunning one” — both are defensible readings and both are recited); ध्वजांगें / ध्वजांगीं in verse 5; माइलीं / माईली in verse 6; चंद्रकळा / चंद्रकला in verse 16; and older orthographies write the anusvāras differently throughout. The word आंवाळे in verse 6 is glossed variously by commentators. If your family’s version differs, tell me and this page will follow yours.

Transliteration, glosses and readings written for this page. The metre note in §05 describes recitation practice; the verse-count analysis in §08 is this page’s reading of verse 16, flagged as reading, not as manuscript fact.

Research cited
Bernardi L, Sleight P, Bandinelli G, Cencetti S, Fattorini L, Wdowczyc-Szulc J, Lagi A. “Effect of rosary prayer and yoga mantras on autonomic cardiovascular rhythms: comparative study.”
BMJ 2001;323(7327):1446–9 · n=23 · other texts, slow pace — cited in §10 only to mark the boundary of what is known
Hartzell JF, Davis B, Melcher D, Miceli G, Jovicich J, Nath T, Chatterjee Singh N, Hasson U. “Brains of verbal memory specialists show anatomical differences in language, memory and visual systems.”
NeuroImage 2016;131:181–92 · n=21+21 · cross-sectional, Sanskrit reciters
On this stotra itself: no controlled study located. §10 states this outright rather than decorating the page with adjacent citations.

This page describes a devotional practice. It is not medical advice, and nothing here — including verse 15’s promises about disease and anxiety — should delay treatment for a physical or mental health condition.

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